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<title>Param Vir Chakra</title>

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Param Vir Chakra

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Param_Vir_Chakra_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Param Vir Chakra (disambiguation)">Param Vir Chakra (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Param Vir Chakra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div class="infobox-caption">Param Vir Chakra and its ribbon</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Military award</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location"> <a href="India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee">the <a href="President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Post-nominals</th><td class="infobox-data">PVC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950 (26 January 1950)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">First award</th><td class="infobox-data">3 November 1947<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Final award</th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Total awarded posthumously</th><td class="infobox-data">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Total recipients</th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Precedence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Next (higher)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Equivalent</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="Ashoka_Chakra_(military_decoration)" title="Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)">Ashoka Chakra</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199540-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Precedence_Of_Medals-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Next (lower)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is <a href="India" title="India">India</a>'s highest <a href="Awards_and_Decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Awards and Decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">military decoration</a>, awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valour during wartime.<a href="#cite_note-gov-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642-8">[6]</a> Param Vir Chakra translates roughly as the "Wheel of Supreme Bravery", and the award is granted for "most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy". As of January 2018, the medal has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were posthumous and 16 arose from actions in <a href="Indo-Pakistani_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani conflicts">Indo-Pakistani conflicts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENCERT201611-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-7_Facts_Average_Indian_Doesn't_Know_About_Param_Vir_Chakra-10">[8]</a> Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the <a href="Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> and one has been from the <a href="Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>. Major <a href="Somnath_Sharma" title="Somnath Sharma">Somnath Sharma</a> was the first recipient. A number of state governments of India as well as ministries of the central government provide allowances and rewards to recipients of the PVC (or their family members in case of the recipient's death).

The history of present-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the <a href="East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, when the first formal award was instituted by <a href="Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> in 1834 as the Order of Merit, later renamed the <a href="Indian_Order_of_Merit" title="Indian Order of Merit">Indian Order of Merit</a> in 1902. During the <a href="First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the British awards system was adopted and continued through the <a href="Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Post-independence, new awards were instituted on <a href="Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">26 January 1950</a>, with retroactive effect from <a href="Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">15 August 1947</a>. The PVC is equivalent to the <a href="Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> in the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the <a href="East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being <a href="Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a> Abdul Kader of the <a href="Madras_Army" title="Madras Army">5th Madras Native Infantry</a>. The chain of the gold medal awarded to Kader was inscribed with the words "For Conduct and Courage on All Occasions". In 1834 the <a href="Indian_Order_of_Merit" title="Indian Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> was established by the then <a href="Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a>, <a href="Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a>. The decoration was renamed the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) in 1902, and Indians considered it to be "the most coveted gallantry award" until the <a href="Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> (VC)—the highest award for gallantry in the <a href="British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>—was extended to Indians in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20034-11">[9]</a> The VC was awarded to 153 Indian and British soldiers of the <a href="British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>, and civilians under its command, from 1857 until Indian independence in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshcroft2006xi–xiii-12">[10]</a>

During the <a href="First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, in addition to the IOM, the award system of the British Indian Army was expanded. Based on the British practice for recognising actions of gallantry, senior officers would be awarded the <a href="Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a>, junior officers the <a href="Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a>, and enlisted men with the <a href="Military_Medal" title="Military Medal">Military Medal</a>. This system continued through the <a href="Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20035-13">[11]</a>

Post-independence, the British honours and awards system in India informally came to an end.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20035-13">[11]</a> A short time later, <a href="Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> decided to give gallantry awards for the ongoing <a href="1947_Indo_Pak_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Indo Pak war">conflict in Jammu and Kashmir</a>. Although India and Pakistan still had the option to award British honours, the leaders felt that it would not make sense to give the same honour to personnel from opposing forces. Accordingly, in June 1948 it was decided to institute new Indian awards for gallantry: the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), <a href="Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a> (MVC), and <a href="Vir_Chakra" title="Vir Chakra">Vir Chakra</a> (VrC).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20036-14">[12]</a> After the PVC, the MVC and VrC are the second and third highest gallantry awards during wartime.<a href="#cite_note-About_Gallantry_Awards_MVC_and_VrC-15">[13]</a>

Nehru entrusted the implementation of the PVC to <a href="Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="Hira_Lal_Atal" title="Hira Lal Atal">Hira Lal Atal</a>, the first Indian <a href="Adjutant-General_(India)" title="Adjutant-General (India)">Adjutant general</a> of India. He in turn requested <a href="Savitri_Khanolkar" title="Savitri Khanolkar">Savitri Khanolkar</a>, the wife of an <a href="Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> officer, <a href="Vikram_Ramji_Khanolkar" title="Vikram Ramji Khanolkar">Vikram Khanolkar</a> of the <a href="Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a>, to design the medal for the PVC.<a href="#cite_note-tribune-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Coincidentally, the first PVC would be awarded to <a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> <a href="Somnath_Sharma" title="Somnath Sharma">Somnath Sharma</a>, the brother-in-law of Khanolkar's daughter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo200312-18">[16]</a>

Despite gaining independence from <a href="British_Rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British Rule in India">British rule</a>, India still remained a <a href="Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> of the United Kingdom. This meant that the Governor-General of India could not approve the establishment of the awards without assent from the <a href="British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a>. Therefore, a draft of the <a href="Royal_warrant_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal warrant (document)">Royal Warrant</a> was sent to London for approval by <a href="King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a>. However, by mid-1948 it became clear that the King's ratification would not be forthcoming for some time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20036-14">[12]</a> As author <a href="Ian_Cardozo" title="Ian Cardozo">Ian Cardozo</a> suggests: "How could the King sanction awards for a war between two members of the Commonwealth? Also, the King would have not even have been a symbolic presence on the awards."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20036-14">[12]</a>

Therefore, the draft warrants to formally establish the new gallantry awards were not put into effect. On 1 January 1949, a ceasefire was implemented in <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, and as it was becoming too late to honour acts of heroism from the 1947–1948 Indo-Pakistani War, Nehru forwarded the draft warrants to Governor-General <a href="C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a> to "institute the awards as your own". But Rajagopalachari felt that, as India was still a dominion, it would be inappropriate for him to establish the awards without the King's approval.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20036-14">[12]</a> He instead suggested to Nehru that, as India was to become a republic on 26 January 1950, it would be appropriate to announce the establishment of the awards on that date, but with retroactive effect from 15 August 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo20037-19">[17]</a>

On 26 January 1950, now celebrated as <a href="Republic_Day_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day of India">Republic Day of India</a>, the PVC was established by <a href="Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a>, the first <a href="President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, with effect from 15 August 1947 (<a href="Independence_Day_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Day of India">Independence Day of India</a>).<a href="#cite_note-11_Facts_You_Need_To_Know_About_The_Param_Vir_Chakra-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-gov-7">[5]</a> Provision was made in the event a PVC recipient was to receive a further award of the medal; if this were to arise, the recipient would receive a <a href="Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">bar</a> to their existing PVC, along with a gift of a replica of the <a href="Vajra" title="Vajra">vajra</a> (club), the weapon of <a href="Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>, the god of heaven.<a href="#cite_note-gov-7">[5]</a> As of January 2018, no instances of an individual being conferred with a second PVC have arisen. The medal carries with it the right to use "PVC" as a <a href="Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11_Facts_You_Need_To_Know_About_The_Param_Vir_Chakra-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations">Regulations</h2></div>

The regulations of the PVC were set out in <a href="The_Gazette_of_India" title="The Gazette of India">The Gazette of India</a> the day the award was established, 26 January 1950, as follows:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo2003Annexure_I_(204–206)-20">[18]</a>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote">First: The decoration shall be in form of a medal and styled and designated the Param Vir Chakra (hereinafter referred as the Chakra).

Second: The medal shall be circular in shape, made of bronze, one and three-eighth inches [35 mm] in diameter, and shall have embossed on the obverse, four replicas of Indra's Vajra with the state emblem embossed in the centre. On the reverse, it shall have embossed Param Vir Chakra, both in Hindi and English, with two lotus flowers between the inscriptions. A sealed pattern of the decoration shall be deposited and kept.

Third: The medal shall be suspended from the left breast by a plain purple-coloured ribbon of one and a quarter inches [32 mm] in width; on those occasions when only the ribbon is worn, a replica of Indra's Vajra in miniature shall be fixed in the centre of the ribbon.

Fourth: The Chakra is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air.

Fifth: The Chakra may also be awarded posthumously.

Sixth: The distinction shall be conferred by the President.

Seventh: The names of those persons upon or on account of whom the decoration may be conferred shall be published in The Gazette of India, and a Register thereof kept under the directions of the President.

Eighth:

<dl><dd>(a) Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted Armed Forces.</dd></dl>

<dl><dd>(b) Matrons, Sisters, Nurses and the staff of the Nursing Services and other Services pertaining to Hospitals and Nursing and Civilians of either sex serving regularly or temporarily under the orders, directions or supervision of any of the above-mentioned Forces.</dd></dl>

Ninth: If any recipient of the Chakra shall again perform such an act of bravery as would have made him or her eligible to receive the Chakra, such further act of bravery shall be recorded by a bar to be attached to the ribbon by which the Chakra is suspended, and for every such additional act of bravery an additional bar shall be added, and any such bar or bars may also be awarded posthumously. For every bar awarded, a replica of Indra's Vajra in miniature shall be added to the ribbon when worn alone.

Tenth: The miniature decoration, which may be worn on certain occasions by those to whom the decoration is awarded, shall be half the size of the Chakra and a sealed pattern of the said miniature decoration shall be deposited and kept.

Eleventh: Every recipient of the Chakra being or ranking junior in rank to that of Sub-Lieutenant in the case of the Navy, Second Lieutenant in the case of the Army, and Pilot Officer in the case of the Air Force, shall, from the date of the act by which the decoration has been gained, be entitled to a special pension, and each additional bar shall carry with it additional pension for life at such rates as the President may prescribe. On the death of the recipient of the Chakra to whom the clause applies, the pension shall be continued to his widow until her death or remarriage under such rules as may be prescribed by the President.

Twelfth: This Chakra shall rank first among all awards.

Thirteenth: The President may cancel and annul the award of the Chakra to any person together with any pension appertaining thereto not already paid, and thereupon his or her name in the register shall be erased and he or she shall be required to surrender his or her insignia; but it shall be competent for the President to restore the decoration when such cancellation and annulment has subsequently been withdrawn, and with it such pension as may have been forfeited.

Last: Notice of cancellation or restoration in every case shall be published in The Gazette of India.</blockquote>

An amendment to the above regulations on 26 January 1980 saw Clause 12 deleted, and the remaining clauses renumbered accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECardozo2003206-21">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_specifications">Design specifications</h2></div>

The name of the award translates as the "Wheel of the Ultimate Brave".<a href="#cite_note-gov-7">[5]</a> The medal is a circular <a href="Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> disc <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>35 millimetres (1+3⁄8 inches) in diameter. On the <a href="Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a>, or front, the <a href="National_Emblem_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emblem of India">National Emblem of India</a> appears in the centre on a raised circle surrounded by four copies of the <a href="Vajra" title="Vajra">vajra</a>, the weapon of <a href="Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>, the ancient <a href="Vedic_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic pantheon">Vedic</a> king of the gods. The motif symbolizes the sacrifice of <a href="Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishi</a> <a href="Dadhichi" title="Dadhichi">Dadhichi</a>, who gave his bones to the gods to make the vajra to kill the demon <a href="Vritra" title="Vritra">Vritra</a>. The medal is suspended from a straight-swiveling suspension bar. On the <a href="Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a>, around a plain centre, are two legends separated by <a href="Lotus_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus flower">lotus flowers</a>. The words "Param Vir Chakra" are written in <a href="Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7_Facts_Average_Indian_Doesn't_Know_About_Param_Vir_Chakra-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-sify-22">[20]</a> A purple ribbon, 32 millimetres (1+1⁄4 in) long, holds the Param Vir Chakra.<a href="#cite_note-7_Facts_Average_Indian_Doesn't_Know_About_Param_Vir_Chakra-10">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recipients">Recipients</h2></div>

The PVC has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were awarded posthumously and 16 arose from actions in Indo-Pakistani conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENCERT20165-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-hindu-24">[22]</a> Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the <a href="Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>. <a href="The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a>, with three awards, have received the greatest number of Param Vir Chakras. The various <a href="Gorkha_regiments_(India)" title="Gorkha regiments (India)">Gorkha Rifle regiments of the Indian Army</a> have received three awards, with the <a href="1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1</a>, <a href="8_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Gorkha Rifles">8</a>, and <a href="11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11</a> Gorkha Rifle regiments each having one PVC recipient.<a href="#cite_note-Param_Vir_Chakra_winners_since_1950-25">[23]</a>

As of January 2018, Flying Officer <a href="Nirmal_Jit_Singh_Sekhon" title="Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon">Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon</a>, who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in 1971, is the only Indian Air Force officer to have been honoured with the medal.<a href="#cite_note-gov-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Param_Vir_Chakra_winners_since_1950-25">[23]</a> <a href="Subedar-major" title="Subedar-major">Subedar Major</a> <a href="Bana_Singh" title="Bana Singh">Bana Singh</a>, <a href="Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a> <a href="Sanjay_Kumar_(soldier)" title="Sanjay Kumar (soldier)">Sanjay Kumar</a> and <a href="Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a> <a href="Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Yogendra Singh Yadav</a>, are the only living recipients of the award.<a href="#cite_note-hindu-24">[22]</a>

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</style>*  indicates that the Param Vir Chakra was awarded posthumously.

<th>Bust of recipient

</th>

<th>Name

</th>

</th>

<th>Unit

</th>

<th>Date of action

</th>

<th>Conflict

</th>

<th>Place of action

</th>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Somnath_Sharma" title="Somnath Sharma">Somnath Sharma</a></td>

<td><a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td>

<td><a href="Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">3 November 1947*</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Badgam" title="Battle of Badgam">Battle of Badgam</a></td>

<td><a href="Badgam" class="mw-redirect" title="Badgam">Badgam</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Jadunath_Singh" title="Jadunath Singh">Jadunath Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">6 February 1948*</td>

<td><a href="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></td>

<td><a href="Nowshera%2C_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir">Naushera</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Rama_Raghoba_Rane" title="Rama Raghoba Rane">Rama Raghoba Rane</a></td>

<td><a href="Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td>

<td><a href="Bombay_Sappers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay Sappers">Bombay Sappers</a></td>

<td style="text-align:center;">8 April 1948</td>

<td><a href="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></td>

<td><a href="Nowshera%2C_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Nowshera, Jammu and Kashmir">Naushera</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Piru_Singh" title="Piru Singh">Piru Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Havildar" title="Havildar">Company Havildar Major</a></td>

<td><a href="Rajputana_Rifles" title="Rajputana Rifles">Rajputana Rifles</a></td>

<td><a href="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></td>

<td><a href="Tithwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tithwal">Tithwal</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Karam_Singh" title="Karam Singh">Karam Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Lance_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Naik">Lance Naik</a></td>

<td><a href="Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></td>

<td style="text-align:center;">13 October 1948</td>

<td><a href="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></td>

<td><a href="Tithwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tithwal">Tithwal</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Gurbachan_Singh_Salaria" title="Gurbachan Singh Salaria">Gurbachan Singh Salaria</a></td>

<td><a href="Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td>

<td><a href="1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1 Gorkha Rifles</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[d]</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">5 December 1961*</td>

<td><a href="Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></td>

<td><a href="%C3%89lisabethville" class="mw-redirect" title="Élisabethville">Élisabethville</a>, <a href="Katanga_Province" title="Katanga Province">Katanga</a>, <a href="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Dhan_Singh_Thapa" title="Dhan Singh Thapa">Dhan Singh Thapa</a></td>

<td><a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td>

<td><a href="8_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Gorkha Rifles">8 Gorkha Rifles</a></td>

<td style="text-align:center;">20 October 1962</td>

<td><a href="Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></td>

<td><a href="Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Joginder_Singh_(soldier)" title="Joginder Singh (soldier)">Joginder Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a></td>

<td><a href="Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">23 October 1962*</td>

<td><a href="Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></td>

<td>Tongpen La, <a href="North-East_Frontier_Agency" title="North-East Frontier Agency">North-East Frontier Agency</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Shaitan_Singh" title="Shaitan Singh">Shaitan Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td>

<td><a href="Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">18 November 1962*</td>

<td><a href="Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></td>

<td><a href="Rezang_La" title="Rezang La">Rezang La</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Abdul_Hamid_(soldier)" title="Abdul Hamid (soldier)">Abdul Hamid</a></td>

<td><a href="Havildar" title="Havildar">Company Quarter Master Havildar</a></td>

<td><a href="The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">10 September 1965*</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></td>

<td><a href="Khemkaran" title="Khemkaran">Khemkaran</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Ardeshir_Tarapore" title="Ardeshir Tarapore">Ardeshir Tarapore</a></td>

<td><a href="Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td>

<td><a href="Poona_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Poona Horse">Poona Horse</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">11 September 1965*</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></td>

<td>Phillora, <a href="Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Albert_Ekka" title="Albert Ekka">Albert Ekka</a></td>

<td><a href="Lance_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance Naik">Lance Naik</a></td>

<td><a href="Brigade_of_the_Guards" title="Brigade of the Guards">Brigade of the Guards</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">3 December 1971*</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Hilli" title="Battle of Hilli">Battle of Hilli</a></td>

<td><a href="Sagar_Island" title="Sagar Island">Gangasagar</a>, <a href="Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Nirmal_Jit_Singh_Sekhon" title="Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon">Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon</a></td>

<td><a href="Flying_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Officer">Flying Officer</a></td>

<td><a href="No._18_Squadron_IAF" title="No. 18 Squadron IAF">No. 18 Squadron IAF</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">14 December 1971*</td>

<td><a href="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></td>

<td><a href="Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Arun_Khetarpal" title="Arun Khetarpal">Arun Khetarpal</a></td>

<td><a href="Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td>

<td><a href="Poona_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Poona Horse">Poona Horse</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">16 December 1971*</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a></td>

<td>Barapind-Jarpal, <a href="Shakargarh" title="Shakargarh">Shakargarh</a>, <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Hoshiar_Singh_Dahiya" title="Hoshiar Singh Dahiya">Hoshiar Singh Dahiya</a></td>

<td><a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td>

<td><a href="The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a></td>

<td style="text-align:center;">17 December 1971</td>

<td><a href="Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a></td>

<td><a href="Basantar_River" title="Basantar River">Basantar River</a>, <a href="Shakargarh" title="Shakargarh">Shakargarh</a>, <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Bana_Singh" title="Bana Singh">Bana Singh</a></td>

<td><a href="Naib_Subedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Subedar">Naib Subedar</a></td>

<td><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_Light_Infantry" title="Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry">Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry</a></td>

<td>Operation

Meghdoot

</td>

<td><a href="Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Ramaswamy_Parameshwaran" title="Ramaswamy Parameshwaran">Ramaswamy Parameshwaran</a></td>

<td><a href="Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td>

<td><a href="Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[e]</a></td>

<td style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;">25 November 1987*</td>

<td><a href="Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Operation Pawan</a></td>

<td><a href="Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Manoj_Kumar_Pandey" title="Manoj Kumar Pandey">Manoj Kumar Pandey</a></td>

<td><a href="Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a></td>

<td><a href="11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11 Gorkha Rifles</a></td>

<td>Operation Vijay</td>

<td>Khaluber /Juber Top, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Yogendra Singh Yadav</a></td>

<td><a href="Grenadier" title="Grenadier">Grenadier</a></td>

<td><a href="The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a></td>

<td>Operation Vijay</td>

<td><a href="Tiger_Hill%2C_Kargil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger Hill, Kargil">Tiger Hill</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Sanjay_Kumar_(soldier)" title="Sanjay Kumar (soldier)">Sanjay Kumar</a></td>

<td><a href="Rifleman" title="Rifleman">Rifleman</a></td>

<td><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_Rifles" title="Jammu and Kashmir Rifles">Jammu and Kashmir Rifles</a></td>

<td>Operation Vijay</td>

<td><a href="Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><a href="Vikram_Batra" title="Vikram Batra">Vikram Batra</a></td>

<td><a href="Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td>

<td><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_Rifles" title="Jammu and Kashmir Rifles">Jammu and Kashmir Rifles</a></td>

<td><a href="Operation_Vijay_(1999)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1999)">Operation Vijay</a></td>

<td><a href="Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a>, <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, India</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The Param Vir Chakra was established on 26 January 1950 (<a href="Republic_Day_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day of India">Republic Day of India</a>) by the <a href="President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, but went into effect on 15 August 1947.<a href="#cite_note-11_Facts_You_Need_To_Know_About_The_Param_Vir_Chakra-1">[1]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Though the <a href="Ashoka_Chakra_(military_decoration)" title="Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)">Ashoka Chakra</a> is placed below the Param Vir Chakra in precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra.<a href="#cite_note-Awards_Warb-3">[2]</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Rank refers to rank held at time of award.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Attached to the <a href="United_Nations_Peace_Keeping_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Peace Keeping Force">United Nations Peace Keeping Force</a> stationed in <a href="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Attached to the <a href="Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a> stationed in <a href="Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allowances_and_rewards_for_the_awardees">Allowances and rewards for the awardees</h2></div>

The PVC also carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent), and in some cases a cash award. Upon the death of the recipient, the <a href="Pension" title="Pension">pension</a> is transferred to the spouse until their death or remarriage. In the case of a posthumous recipient who is unmarried, the allowance is paid to their parents. In the case of the award being conferred posthumously on a widow or widower, the allowance is to be paid to their son or unmarried daughter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199548-47">[42]</a> A monthly stipend of ₹20,000 is given to the awardee along with their regular pay.<a href="#cite_note-Param_Vir_Chakra_Indian_Navy-48">[43]</a> The award amount and pension benefits are exempted from income tax. In addition, different ministries under the <a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a> have various financial awards for PVC awardees.<a href="#cite_note-How_do_we_Reward_the_Men_in_Uniform?_A_look_at_the_reward_extended_to_Gallantry_Award_Winners-49">[44]</a>

A relatively unknown convention in the Indian Army is for a PVC recipient to be saluted, when in ceremonial uniform, by everyone in the Army irrespective of rank, although no legal provision exists.<a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allowances_by_state_governments">Allowances by state governments</h3></div>

Many Indian states have established individual pension rewards that far exceed the central government's stipend for recipients of the PVC.<a href="#cite_note-How_do_we_Reward_the_Men_in_Uniform?_A_look_at_the_reward_extended_to_Gallantry_Award_Winners-49">[44]</a>

<th>Cash amount</th>

<th>States awarding

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹20 million (US$240,000)</td>

<td><a href="Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹10 million (US$120,000)</td>

<td><a href="Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹3 million (US$35,000)</td>

<td><a href="Punjab%2C_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹2.5 million (US$30,000)</td>

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<ul><li><a href="Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>

<li><a href="Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li>

<li><a href="Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li>

<li><a href="Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li></ul>

</div>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹2 million (US$24,000)</td>

<ul><li><a href="Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li>

<li><a href="Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li></ul>

</div>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹1.5 million (US$18,000)</td>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>

<li><a href="Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li></ul>

</div>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>₹1 million (US$12,000)</td>

<ul><li><a href="Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li>

<li><a href="Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li></ul>

</div>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<ul><li><a href="Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li>

<li><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>

<li><a href="Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li>

<li><a href="Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul>

</div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2></div>

In 2009 <a href="Balidan_Stambh" title="Balidan Stambh">Balidan Stambh</a>, the war memorial in <a href="Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> paid tribute to nine Param Vir Chakra awardees who attained martyrdom in Jammu and Kashmir by inscribing their name on the pillars erected in semi circumference for the respective wars in which they participated. Their names are displayed near the eternal flame and as relief mural on the semi circumference wall. <a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a>

In September 2014 a memorial has been built in the memory of PVC recipients at Marina Park, <a href="Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>, in <a href="Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>. It was inaugurated by the <a href="Lieutenant_Governors_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governors of Andaman and Nicobar">Lieutenant Governor of Andaman and Nicobar</a> Lieutenant General <a href="A._K._Singh" title="A. K. Singh">Ajay Kumar Singh</a>, in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief <a href="Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a>, Vice Admiral <a href="Pradeep_Kumar_Chatterjee" title="Pradeep Kumar Chatterjee">Pradeep Kumar Chatterjee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Param_Vir_Chakra_Memorial_dedicated_to_the_nation-52">[47]</a>

On 2 May 2017, at a ceremony conducted in the <a href="National_Media_Centre%2C_New_Delhi" title="National Media Centre, New Delhi">National Media Center</a>, <a href="New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of State for Defence</a> <a href="Subhash_Bhamre" title="Subhash Bhamre">Subhash Bhamre</a> inaugurated a campaign to build a "wall of valour" in a thousand educational institutions across the country. The campaign was initiated by the two serving receipts of PVC, Subedar <a href="Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Yogendra Singh Yadav</a> and Naib Subedar <a href="Sanjay_Kumar_(soldier)" title="Sanjay Kumar (soldier)">Sanjay Kumar</a>. The campaign was named "Vidya Veerta Abhiyan". The objective is to build a wall of 4.5 by 6 metres (15 by 20 ft) at various educational campuses with the voluntary contributions from the students and the faculty of respective institutions. These walls are to portray all 21 recipients of the PVC along with relevant information.<a href="#cite_note-A_‘wall_of_valour'_for_our_bravehearts_in_campuses-53">[48]</a>

In 2019 Bronze Busts of all 21 recipients are installed in the Param Yodha Sthal, which is a part of the <a href="National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a>. The site is adjacent to the main memorial and has informative plaques displaying the citations of the heroes.<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a>

On January 23, 2023 (birth anniversary of Subhash Chandra Bose), the Indian government named 21 large uncharted islands in the <a href="Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> after the 21 recipients of the Param Vir Chakra.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

The TV series <a href="Param_Vir_Chakra_(TV_series)" title="Param Vir Chakra (TV series)">Param Vir Chakra</a> (1990), which focuses on the lives of Param Vir Chakra winners, was directed by <a href="Chetan_Anand_(director)" title="Chetan Anand (director)">Chetan Anand</a>. The first episode of the series featured the first recipient of the award, Major <a href="Somnath_Sharma" title="Somnath Sharma">Somnath Sharma</a> of the <a href="Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goldie_commands_respect_even_10_years_after_death-56">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maker_of_innovative,_meaningful_movies-57">[52]</a>

Indian <a href="Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>-language biopic movie <a href="Subedar_Joginder_Singh_(film)" title="Subedar Joginder Singh (film)">Subedar Joginder Singh</a> (2018) is based on <a href="Joginder_Singh_(soldier)" title="Joginder Singh (soldier)">Singh's</a> life and his action during Sino-Indian War.<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a>

A <a href="Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> titled Param Vir Chakra by Amar Chitra Katha, a comic book released in 2015 featuring 21 dedicated and concise stories.

A series of 14 <a href="Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novels</a> titled Param Vir Chakra Name of Awardees by Roli Books written by <a href="Ian_Cardozo" title="Ian Cardozo">Ian Cardozo</a> and drawn by Rishi Kumar in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a>

The <a href="Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film <a href="LOC_Kargil" class="mw-redirect" title="LOC Kargil">LOC Kargil</a> (2003) gives an account of all of the PVC recipients from the <a href="Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>. <a href="Manoj_Kumar_Pandey" title="Manoj Kumar Pandey">Lieutenant Manoj Kumar Pandey</a> is played by <a href="Ajay_Devgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Devgan">Ajay Devgan</a>, <a href="Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Subedar Major (Hony Capt) Yogendra Singh Yadav</a> is played by <a href="Manoj_Bajpayee" title="Manoj Bajpayee">Manoj Bajpayee</a>, <a href="Sanjay_Kumar_(soldier)" title="Sanjay Kumar (soldier)">Subedar Major Sanjay Kumar</a> is played by <a href="Sunil_Shetty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunil Shetty">Sunil Shetty</a>, and <a href="Vikram_Batra" title="Vikram Batra">Captain Vikram Batra</a> is played by <a href="Abhishek_Bachchan" title="Abhishek Bachchan">Abhishek Bachchan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_:_LOC-Kagil:_How_`real'?-61">[56]</a>

An upcoming Hindi-language film Ekkis will focus on the life on <a href="Arun_Khetarpal" title="Arun Khetarpal">Arun Khetarpal</a>, who is the youngest recipient of the award.

In the 2021 film <a href="Shershaah" title="Shershaah">Shershaah</a>, <a href="Sidharth_Malhotra" title="Sidharth Malhotra">Sidharth Malhotra</a> played <a href="Vikram_Batra" title="Vikram Batra">Vikram Batra</a> in a biopic directed by <a href="Vishnuvardhan_(director)" title="Vishnuvardhan (director)">Vishnuvardhan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_highest_military_decorations_by_country" title="List of highest military decorations by country">List of highest military decorations by country</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3></div>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiggins201642_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHiggins2016">Higgins 2016</a>, p. 42.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199556–57-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199556–57_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, pp. 56–57.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199567–68-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199567–68_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, pp. 67–68.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199579–80-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199579–80_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, pp. 79–80.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199549–50-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199549–50_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, pp. 49–50.

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199577–78-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty199577–78_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, pp. 77–78.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAshcroft2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="Michael_Ashcroft" title="Michael Ashcroft">Ashcroft, Michael</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victoriacrossher0000ashc">Victoria Cross Heroes</a>, Headline Book Publishing, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7553-1632-8</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCardozo2003" class="citation cs2">Cardozo, Ian (2003), Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle, New Delhi: Roli Books Private Limited, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-93-5194-029-6</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChakravorty1995" class="citation cs2">Chakravorty, B.C. (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC">Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners</a>, New Delhi: Allied Publishers, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-7023-516-3</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2016" class="citation cs2">Higgins, David R. (2016), M48 Patton vs Centurion: Indo-Pakistani War 1965, Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4728-1093-9</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNCERT2016" class="citation cs2"><a href="National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training" title="National Council of Educational Research and Training">NCERT, Govt. of India</a> (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncert.nic.in/publication/Miscellaneous/pdf_files/veergatha.pdf">Veer Gaatha</a> (PDF), New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-93-5007-765-8</bdi></cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Param_Vir_Chakra" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Param-Vir-Chakra-winners-since-1950/articleshow/2731710.cms">"Param Vir Chakra winners since 1950"</a>. <a href="The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsalert.org/gallantry-awards/param-veer-chakra/">PVC Awardees</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172358/http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story225711/india-039-s-param-vir-chakras-now-available-in-rare-comic-book-series.html">"India's Param Vir Chakras now available in rare comic book series"</a>. India: ANI News. 22 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail2/story225711/india-039-s-param-vir-chakras-now-available-in-rare-comic-book-series.html">the original</a> on 23 September 2015.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Param_Vir_Chakra_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="India" title="India"></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recipients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Somnath_Sharma" title="Somnath Sharma">Somnath Sharma</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Jadunath_Singh" title="Jadunath Singh">Jadunath Singh</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="Rama_Raghoba_Rane" title="Rama Raghoba Rane">Rama Raghoba Rane</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="Piru_Singh" title="Piru Singh">Piru Singh</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="Karam_Singh" title="Karam Singh">Karam Singh</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="Gurbachan_Singh_Salaria" title="Gurbachan Singh Salaria">Gurbachan Singh Salaria</a> (1961)</li>

<li><a href="Dhan_Singh_Thapa" title="Dhan Singh Thapa">Dhan Singh Thapa</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Joginder_Singh_(soldier)" title="Joginder Singh (soldier)">Joginder Singh</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Shaitan_Singh" title="Shaitan Singh">Shaitan Singh</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Hamid_(soldier)" title="Abdul Hamid (soldier)">Abdul Hamid</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Ardeshir_Tarapore" title="Ardeshir Tarapore">Ardeshir Tarapore</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Albert_Ekka" title="Albert Ekka">Albert Ekka</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Nirmal_Jit_Singh_Sekhon" title="Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon">Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Arun_Khetarpal" title="Arun Khetarpal">Arun Khetarpal</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Hoshiar_Singh_Dahiya" title="Hoshiar Singh Dahiya">Hoshiar Singh Dahiya</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Bana_Singh" title="Bana Singh">Bana Singh</a> (1987)</li>

<li><a href="Ramaswamy_Parameshwaran" title="Ramaswamy Parameshwaran">Ramaswamy Parameshwaran</a> (1987)</li>

<li><a href="Manoj_Kumar_Pandey" title="Manoj Kumar Pandey">Manoj Kumar Pandey</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Yogendra Singh Yadav</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="Sanjay_Kumar_(soldier)" title="Sanjay Kumar (soldier)">Sanjay Kumar</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="Vikram_Batra" title="Vikram Batra">Vikram Batra</a> (1999)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Savitri_Khanolkar" title="Savitri Khanolkar">Savitri Khanolkar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Highest_military_awards_for_gallantry136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Highest_military_awards_for_gallantry136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Highest <a href="List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">military awards for gallantry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_highest_military_decorations_by_country" title="List of highest military decorations by country">List of highest military decorations by country</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cross_to_the_Heroic_Valour_in_Combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross to the Heroic Valour in Combat">Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross</a> (Argentina)</li>

<li><a href="National_Hero_of_Armenia" title="National Hero of Armenia">National Hero of Armenia</a> (Armenia)</li>

<li><a href="National_Hero_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Hero of Azerbaijan">National Hero of Azerbaijan</a> title (Azerbaijan)</li>

<li><a href="Bir_Sreshtho" title="Bir Sreshtho">Bir Sreshtho</a> (Bangladesh)</li>

<li><a href="Hero_of_Belarus" title="Hero of Belarus">Hero of Belarus</a> title (Belarus)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Bravery" title="Order of Bravery">Order of Bravery</a> (Bulgaria)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_August_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of August First">Order of August First</a> (China)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Duke_Domagoj" title="Order of Duke Domagoj">Order of Duke Domagoj</a> (Croatia)</li>

<li><a href="Valour_Cross" title="Valour Cross">Valour Cross</a> (Denmark)</li>

<li><a href="Cross_of_Liberty_(Estonia)" title="Cross of Liberty (Estonia)">Cross of Liberty</a> (Estonia)</li>

<li><a href="Mannerheim_Cross" title="Mannerheim Cross">Mannerheim Cross</a> (Finland)</li>

<li><a href="Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Légion d'honneur</a> (France)</li>

<li><a href="Bundeswehr_Cross_of_Honour_for_Valour" title="Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour">Cross of Honour for Valour</a> (Germany)</li>

<li><a href="Cross_of_Valour_(Greece)" title="Cross of Valour (Greece)">Cross of Valour</a> (Greece)</li>

<li> (wartime) / <a href="Ashoka_Chakra_(military_decoration)" title="Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)">Ashoka Chakra</a> (peacetime) (India)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Fath" title="Order of Fath">Order of Fat'h</a> (Iran)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Medal_for_Gallantry" title="Military Medal for Gallantry">Military Medal for Gallantry</a> (Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Medal_of_Valor_(Israel)" title="Medal of Valor (Israel)">Medal of Valor</a> (Israel)</li>

<li><a href="Gold_Medal_of_Military_Valor" title="Gold Medal of Military Valor">Gold Medal of Military Valor</a> (Italy)</li>

<li><a href="Seri_Pahlawan_Gagah_Perkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa">Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa</a> (Malaysia)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Order_of_William" title="Military Order of William">Military Order of William</a> (Netherlands)</li>

<li><a href="War_Cross_(Norway)" title="War Cross (Norway)">War Cross</a> (Norway)</li>

<li><a href="Nishan-e-Haider" title="Nishan-e-Haider">Nishan-e-Haider</a> (Pakistan)</li>

<li><a href="Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines_Medal_of_Valor" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines Medal of Valor">Medal of Valor</a> (Philippines)</li>

<li><a href="Virtuti_Militari" title="Virtuti Militari">War Order Virtuti Militari</a> (wartime) / <a href="Order_of_the_Military_Cross" title="Order of the Military Cross">Order Krzyża Wojskowego</a> (peacetime) (Poland)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Tower and Sword">Order of the Tower and Sword</a> (Portugal)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Michael_the_Brave" title="Order of Michael the Brave">Order of Michael the Brave</a> (Romania)</li>

<li><a href="Hero_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Hero of the Russian Federation">Hero of the Russian Federation</a> title (Russian Federation)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Serbia)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)">Order of the White Eagle with swords</a> (Serbia)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_the_Somali_Star" title="Order of the Somali Star">Order of the Somali Star</a> (Somalia)</li>

<li><a href="Nkwe_ya_Gauta" title="Nkwe ya Gauta">Nkwe ya Gauta</a> (South Africa)</li>

<li><a href="Laureate_Cross_of_Saint_Ferdinand" title="Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand">Laureate Cross of St. Ferdinand</a> (Spain)</li>

<li><a href="Parama_Weera_Vibhushanaya" title="Parama Weera Vibhushanaya">Parama Weera Vibhushanaya</a> (Sri Lanka)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_the_Sword" title="Order of the Sword">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword</a> (Sweden)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Rama" title="Order of Rama">Order of Rama</a> (Thailand)</li>

<li><a href="Turkish_Armed_Forces_Medal_of_Honor" title="Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Katonga" title="Order of Katonga">Order of Katonga</a> (Uganda)</li>

<li><a href="Hero_of_Ukraine" title="Hero of Ukraine">Order of the Gold Star</a> (Ukraine)</li>

<li><a href="Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> (<a href="Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Victoria_Cross_for_Australia" title="Victoria Cross for Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Victoria_Cross_(Canada)" title="Victoria Cross (Canada)">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Victoria_Cross_for_New_Zealand" title="Victoria Cross for New Zealand">New Zealand</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Order_of_Saint_Louis" title="Order of Saint Louis">Order of Saint Louis</a> (Kingdom of France)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Order_of_Maria_Theresa" title="Military Order of Maria Theresa">Military Order of Maria Theresa</a> (Austria-Hungary)</li>

<li><a href="Medal_of_Bravery_(Hungary)" title="Medal of Bravery (Hungary)">Medal of Bravery</a> (Kingdom of Hungary)</li>

<li><a href="Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a> (Kingdom of Prussia)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Order_of_Max_Joseph" title="Military Order of Max Joseph">Military Order of Max Joseph</a> (Kingdom of Bavaria)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Order_of_St._Henry" title="Military Order of St. Henry">Military Order of St. Henry</a> (Kingdom of Saxony)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Merit_Order_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Military Merit Order (Württemberg)">Military Merit Order</a> (Kingdom of Württemberg)</li>

<li><a href="Knight's_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> (Nazi Germany)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_the_Golden_Kite" title="Order of the Golden Kite">Order of the Golden Kite</a> (Empire of Japan)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_L%C4%81%C4%8Dpl%C4%93sis" title="Order of Lāčplēsis">Order of Lāčplēsis</a> (Latvia)</li>

<li><a href="Grand_Cross_of_Valour" title="Grand Cross of Valour">Grand Cross of Valour</a> (Rhodesia)</li>

<li><a href="Laureate_Plate_of_Madrid" title="Laureate Plate of Madrid">Laureate Plate of Madrid</a> (Second Spanish Republic)</li>

<li><a href="Castle_of_Good_Hope_Decoration" title="Castle of Good Hope Decoration">Castle of Good Hope Decoration</a> (South Africa)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Merit_Medal_(Vietnam)" title="Military Merit Medal (Vietnam)">Vietnam Military Merit Medal</a> (South Vietnam)</li>

<li><a href="Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Hero of the Soviet Union">Hero of the Soviet Union</a> (Soviet Union)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e's_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Karađorđe's Star">Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords</a> (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)</li>

<li><a href="Order_of_Freedom_(Yugoslavia)" title="Order of Freedom (Yugoslavia)">Order of Freedom</a> (SFR Yugoslavia)</li>

<li><a href="Grass_Crown" title="Grass Crown">Grass Crown</a> (Ancient Rome)</li>

<li><a href="Hero_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan</a> (Afghanistan)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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